Fraksi-fraksi pada destilasi bertingkat

DESTILASI BERTINGKAT

Pengolahan minyak bumi tahap pertama dilakukan dengan distilasi bertingkat, yaitu proses distilasi berulang-ulang sehingga didapatkan berbagai  macam hasil berdasarkan perbedaan titik didihnya. Hasil pada proses distilasi bertingkat ini meliputi:
1. Fraksi pertama menghasilkan gas yang         pada akhirnya dicairkan kembali dan           dikenal dengan nama elpiji atau LPG             (Liquefied Petroleum Gas). LPG                       digunakan untuk bahan bakar kompor         gas dan mobil BBG, atau diolah lebih             lanjut menjadi baha kimia lainnya.
2. Fraksi kedua disebut nafta (gas bumi).           Nafta tidak dapat langsung digunakan,         tetapi diolah lebih lanjut pada tahap               kedua menjadi bensin (premium) atau           bahan petrokimia yang lain. Nafta                   sering disebut juga sebagai bensin                   berat.
3. Fraksi ketiga atau fraksi tengah,                       selanjutnya dibuat menjadi kerosin                 (minyak tanah) dan avtur (bahan bakar         pesawat jet).
4. Fraksi keempat sering disebut solar               yang digunakan sebagai bahan bakar             mesin diesel.
5. Fraksi kelima atau disebut juga residu           yang berisi hidrokarbon rantai panjang         dan dapat diolah lebih lanjut pada                 tahap kedua menjadi berbagai senyawa         karbon lainnya, dan sisanya sebagai               aspal dan lilin.

Example of idiom

Hy guys!!! in this time, i will write about idiom.

thanks for coming guys :v

Common Idioms

Some idioms are used by most people that speak English; others are used by a more select group.

Common idioms that refer to people include:

• A chip on your shoulder - means you are holding a grudge
• High as a kite - means you are drunk or on drugs
• Sick as a dog - means you are very ill

Idioms that refer to your actions would be:

• Rub someone the wrong way - meaning to annoy or bother
• Jump the gun - would mean to be doing something early
• Pay the piper - means you need to face the consequences of your actions

Some idioms use color words to convey other meanings. For example, there are several that use the word “blue:”

• “The blues” can refer to both a style of music and feeling sad.
• If something occurs rarely, it is said to happen “once in a blue moon”, because a blue moon is two full moons in one month, which doesn’t happen often.
• “Out of the blue” means something happens that was unexpected.  

Learning a Language with Idioms

Because of idioms, learning a language can be complicated. After you can conjugate verbs, and know a lot of words, you may still have difficulty speaking the language with native users.

This is partly due to the use of idioms and would also depend of which region of a country you were in. Idiom usage is not just regional, but also varies according to people’s interests and social groups.

The best way to pick up on the meaning of certain idioms would be to converse with people and ask them for a clarification of the idiom if you are not clear about the idiom they used. There are also sites on the Internet which will help explain the meaning of idioms.  

Idioms Around the Globe

There are certain things that happen in every culture and there are idioms to deal with them.

• In Norwegian and Czech, “walking around hot porridge” refers to beating around the bush, which is also an idiom meaning not getting to the point.
• If you are in Italy or Turkey and you say you are “as hungry as a wolf” then you are starving.

If it is raining in large amounts, most cultures have an interesting way of saying that:

• In English, it would be “raining cats and dogs”
• In Africa, they might say “it's raining old women with clubs”

• Many languages refer to heavy rain as coming in buckets or as rain coming out of a bucket.

• In Norway they say “it's raining female trolls”
• The Irish say “it's throwing cobblers knives”

Comparing idioms between countries can also be interesting:

• In Finnish, “with long teeth” means you are doing something that you really don’t want to do
• In French, “to have long teeth” means you are ambitious.

The key to understanding the local idioms is to listen carefully and to ask questions of local speakers.

Idioms In the Arts

There are many idioms in the field of music.

• If you “fine tune” something, you make small improvements to it.
• “Changing your tune” means changing your mind.
• If you are “whistling Dixie” or “whistling in the dark” you are overly positive about something.
• If you try and make a decision too early without knowing all the facts, people may tell you that “it’s not over ‘till the fat lady sings.”

Drama and dance have idioms, too, like:

• “Break a leg” means good luck.
• If you are a “ham” you overact.
• If you say, “it takes two to tango” you mean that more than one person is at fault or involved.
• If you “tap dance” your way out of a sticky situation, then that implies that you get out of it in a clever way.
• Being “in the spotlight” means you are the center of attention.

Remember, a group of people with shared interests such as the arts or business will have their own idioms. As with all idioms it will be easier to understand the idioms if you concentrate on what is being said and ask questions about the meanings of the idioms